Empires and Colonial Incarceration in the Twentieth Century

Muslim Intellectuals and the Perennial Philosophy in the Twentieth Century

This paper will examine how Muslim intellectuals, as a result of their attachment to the doctrine of Divine Unity (taw¤hīd), the Quran, Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, and the doctrines and methods of Sufism, were largely responsible for the restating of the perennial philosophy in the West in the twentieth century. The article consists of four sections: an introduction to the term 'philosophia...

Medicine, Empires, and Ethics in Colonial Africa.

This essay examines the history of European empire building and health work in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on four patterns that shed light on the ethics of outside interventions: (1) the epidemiological and bodily harms caused by conquest and economic development; (2) the uneven and inadequate health infrastructures established during the colonial era, including certain iatrogenic consequence...

Medicine in the twentieth century

Forty-six chapters plus a substantial introduction, fifty-one contributors, 745 pages of packed text (with surprisingly little repetition)-Medicine in the twentieth century is indeed a formidably determined attempt to encompass a very complex period in medical history. Its editors have been, furthermore, ambitious in more than mere scale. The book is divided into three long sections whose title...

Genocides in the Twentieth Century

Genocides have occurred since the earliest recorded history, from the Israelite destruction of numerous communities in Canaan, depicted in the Book of Joshua, to the Roman annihilation of Carthage and its population. But beginning with the Armenians, genocides have become more extensive, more systematic, and more thorough. They represent a lethal, depressing culmination of the large-scale viole...

Kant in the Twentieth Century